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r\  ^= 

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0  — 

—  3 

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School    Survey 
Over~a<§e      and     Progress 


gTATE  NORMAL  SCHOOL 

106  ANGELES.  CALIFORNIA 


Southern  Branch 
of  the 

University  of  California 

Los  Angeles 


Form  L  1 


LB 
3063 
D 


>b'lC\.      ip-O-rrv. 


OVER-AGE  AND  PROGRESS 


IN    THE 


Public  Schools  of  Dayton 


OVER-AGE  AND  PROGRESS 


IN    THE    277  2.  <7 


Public  Schools  of  Dayton 


MADE  IN  CO-OPERATION  WITH  THE 

Ohio  State  School  Survey  Commission 

BY  THE 

Bureau  of  Municipal  Research 
DAYTON,  OHIO 

1914 


March  25th,  1914. 

Mr.  E.  J.  Brown,  Supt. 

Dayton.   (  >tii« >. 

My  Dear  Mr.  Brown  : 

Enclosed  is  a  copy  of  the  study  in  over-age  and  progress  in  the 
Dayton  schools,  which  was  made  in  co-operation  with  the  Ohio  State 
School  Survey  Commission. 

The  facts  have  been  used  to  support  a  number  of  recommendations, 
although  a  part  of  the  suggestions  are  already  in  operation  in  Dayton. 

I  believe  that  you  will  be  interested  in  the  data,  relative  to  over-age, 
progress  and  corellated  facts.  Of  even  more  value,  perhaps,  would  he  a 
comparison  with  the  conditions  of  the  present  year.  Should  you  desire 
to  make  a  similar  study.  I  should  he  glad  to  place  such  means  as  we  have 
at  your  disposal. 

I  want  to  thank  you  for  the  co-operation  you  have  given  in  this  in- 
vestigation, and  express  my  appreciation  of  the  interest  which  has  been 
shown  by  the  teachers  upon  whom  the  labor  largely  devolved. 

Very  truly  yours, 

(Signed)     L.  D.  UPSON, 

Director. 


April  2,  1914. 

Mr.   L.  D.  Upson, 

Director  of  Municipal  Research, 
Dayton,  Ohio. 

My  Dear  Mr.  Upson: 

I  write  to  thank  you  for  the  report  of  the  over-age  and  progress 
study  made  by  your  Bureau  in  our  schools.  The  report  contains  much 
data  of  value  to  us  and  the  recommendations,  several  of  which,  as  you 
suggest,  are  already  in  operation  in  Dayton,  present  matters  for  careful, 
thoughtful  consideration. 

Your  offer  to  give  the  assistance  of  the  Bureau  of  Municipal  Re- 
search for  another  over-age  and  progress  survey  of  our  schools,  is  grate- 
fully received.  1  am  sure  the  work  will  have  the  continued  cordial  co- 
operation of  our  teachers  and  school  officers,  if  you  decide  to  make  an- 
other efficiency  survey. 

Personally,  I  thank  you  for  the  helpful  service  you  have  rendered, 
for  your  uniform  courtesy,  and  for  your  appreciation  of  the  good  work 
of  our  school-.,  shown  by  your  words  of  commendation  at  various  times. 

Very  truly  yours, 

.     (Signed)      E.  J.  BROWN. 


T)  55 


FOREWORD 


N  ORDER  to  furnish  a  basis  for  possible  improve- 
ments in  the  Dayton  schools,  the  Bureau  of  Mu- 
nicipal Research  at  the  request  and  under  the 
direction  of  the  Ohio  State  School  Survey  Commission, 
and  in  co-operation  with  the  superintendent  of  schools, 
E.  J.  Brown,  made  an  "over-age  and  progress"  study  for 
the  years  1912-'13. 

The  information  contained  in  this  report  though  in- 
sufficient in  itself  to  warrant  absolute  deductions  con- 
cerning these  problems,  is  adequate  to  indicate  tenden- 
cies and  as  a  guide  for  further  and  more  thorough  inves- 
tigation of  the  problems  uncovered  by  this  survey. 

Conclusions  drawn  throughout  the  report  are  based 
upon  the  assumption  that  the  year  1912-'13  was  a  typical 
year,  portraying  conditions  as  they  existed  in  past  years. 

Especial  thanks  are  due  Dr.  Horace  L.  Brittain,  di- 
rector of  the  Ohio  State  School  Survey;  Mr.  E.  J.  Brown, 
superintendent  of  instruction  in  Dayton ;  and  to  the 
school  teachers  of  the  city,  for  their  courtesy  and  co- 
operation. 

The  collection  and  tabulation  of  the  data,  and  the 
writing  of  the  report  was  done  by  Mr.  Arch  Mandel,  as- 
sisted by  Miss  Irene  Dilks  of  the  Bureau. 

L.  D.  UPSON, 

Director. 


DAYTON  BUREAU  OF  MUNICIPAL  RESEARCH 


How  Survey  Was  Conducted 

The  data  in  this  report  was  compiled  from  information  furnished 
by  the  teachers  upon  special  tabulation  sheets  devised  by  the  Ohio  State 
School  Survey  Commission. 

All  children  enrolled  in  the  normal  elementary  grades  during  the 
last  year  were  accounted  for,  except  those  who  died  or  were  transferred 
to  other  schools.  In  this  latter  case  they  were  counted  once.  The 
kindergarten,  high  schools  and  special  classes  were  not  included. 

The  ages  of  the  children  were  taken  as  of  September  1,  1912.  Over- 
age was  determined  by  employing  the  following  age-grade  standards : 


First  Grade 6 

Second    Grade 7 

Third    Grade 8 

Fourth    Grade 9 

Fifth  Grade 10 

Sixth  Grade 11 

Seventh   Grade 12 

Eighth   Grade 13 


to 


7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
18 
14 


yrs. 


A  child  is  considered  as  being  of  normal  age  for  Grade  I.  until  it  has 
reached  its  seventh  birthday,  after  which  time  it  is  over  age  for  the  grade ; 
for  Grade  II.  a  child  is  of  normal  age  from  its  seventh  birthday  up  to  its 
eighth.  On  the  eighth  birthday,  if  still  in  Grade  II.,  it  is  over  age.  This 
method  is  followed  through  all  the  grades. 

Separate  tabulations  were  made  for  the  five  upper  grades  of  the  Pat- 
terson school  because  it  is  the  only  school  in  Dayton  where  promotions 
occur  semi-annually.  It  was  felt  that  comparison  with  the  other  schools 
of  the  city  would  prove  interesting. 


OVER-AGE 


OVER-AGE  AND  PROGRESS 

Summary  of  Findings 

2772^ 


42%  of  all  the  children  in  the  elementary  schools  are  older  than  the 
Normal  Age  for  their  grades;  45%  are  of  Normal  Age;  13%  are  younger 
than  normal  for  their  grade 

The  rate  of  over-age  pupils  increases  from  29%  in  Grade  I.  to  52% 
in  Grade  V.,  then  drops  to  42%  in  Grade  VIII. 

Normal  age  pupils  decrease  from  58%,  in  Grade  I.  to  35%  in  Grade 
V.,  then  increase  again  to  44%  in  Grade  VIII. 

29%  of  the  pupils  in  Grade  I.  are  above  Normal  Age,  and  altho  over- 
age pupils  tend  to  drop  out  in  Grades  VI.  and  VII.,  yet  42%  of  the  chil- 
dren in  Grade  VIII.  are  over-age. 

Entrance  of  pupil  to  Grade  I.  in  the  middle  of  the  year  is  not  en- 
couraged 

A  greater  degree  and  a  larger  percentage  of  over-age  exists  in  Grade 
V.  than  in  any  other  Grade 

1281  or  26%  of  the  over-age  children  are  from  one  to  two  years  be- 
hind the  grade  and  791  or  16%  are  more  than  two  years  over-age,  the  re- 
mainder are  less  than  one  year  over-age. 

PROGRESS 

91%  of  the  pupils  have  made  normal  progress  in  their  grades  last 
year;  7%  have  been  in  their  grades  longer  than  the  normal  period;  the 
remaining  2%  were  in  their  grades  less  than  one  year 

Grade  I.  has  the  highest  percentage  of  pupils  making  slow  progress; 
Grade  VII.  the  lowest 

A  higher  rate  of  "Normal  Progress"  exists  in  Grades  VI.,  VII.  and 
VIII.  than  in  the  lower  grades 

There  is  a  marked  tendency  in  failing,  to  fail  for  a  whole  year  rather 
than  for  a  part  of  a  year.  For  example,  14r,  of  the  slow  pupils  are  one 
and  one-half  years  or  less  but  over  one  year  in  the  grade;  43%  are  two 
years  or  less,  but  over  one  and  one-half  years ;  4%  are  two  and  one-half 
years  or  less,  but  over  two  years;  36' ;  ,  three  years  or  less,  but  over 
two  and  one-half;  3%  over  three  years. 

PROMOTION  AND  NON-PROMOTION 

The  promotion  rate  for  all  grades  is  85%  ;  non-promotion  7% ;  elim- 
ination 8% 

r 

Grade  I.  has  the  lowest  rate  of  promotion  (75%)  and  the  highest  of 
non-promotion  (14%) 

The  comparatively  low  promotion  rate  in  Grade  I.  is  probably 
caused  by : 


6  DAYTON  BUREAU  OF  MUNICIPAL  RESEARCH 

a     Non-promotion  of  22',    of  "Under  Normal  Age"  pupils 

b     Non-promotion  of  21' ,  of  pupils  absent  over  25  half  days 
for  the  half  year 

c     High  rate  35',    of  over-sized  classes,  the  non-promotion 
rate  in  these  being  15' , 

Grade  VIII.  has  the  highest  rate  of  promotion  (91',  )  and  the  low- 
est of  non-promotion  (1' ,  ) 

The  high  rate  of  promotion  in  Grade  VIII.  is  probably  due  to  the 
fact  that  the  fittest  survive  the  whole  school  course 

For  every  grade  except  Grade  I,  the  rate  of  non-promotion  in  the 
"Older  than  Normal"  group  is  higher  than  the  rate  in  either  of  the  other 
age  groups 

In  all  grades  the  rate  of  promotion  is  lowest  for  pupils  who  have 
been  in  the  grade  less  than  the  normal  length  of  time.  The  rate  of  pro- 
motion is  lowest  and  non-promotion  highest  for  pupils  who  have  been 
absent  more  than  25  half  days  for  the  half  year 

Promotion  rates  are  lowest  and  non-promotion  highest  in  classes 
having  over  50  pupils 


DROPPING  OUT— ELIMINATION 

8',  of  the  pupils  dropped  out  of  school  from  September,  1912,  to 
June,  1913.  The  rate  for  Grade  I.  is  11', — the  highest  rate  of  all  the 
Grades 

61',  of  the  pupils  eliminated  dropped  out  in  Grades  I. -IV. ;  39',  in 
Grades  V.-VIII.  The  high  mortality  rate  in  the  lower  grades  was  caused 
by  the  temporary  dropping  out  of  children  after  the  flood  of  March,  1913. 
These  children  returned  to  the  schools  in  September  at  the  beginning  of 
the  next  school  year.  In  all  grades  the  rate  of  dropping  out  is  highest  for 
pupils  in  the  "Older  than  Normal"  group 

In  all  grades  the  rate  of  elimination  is  highest  among  pupils  who 
have  spent  less  than  the  "Normal  Time"  in  their  grades;  66',  of  such 
pupils  dropped  out.  The  elimination  rate  is  also  heaviest  for  pupils  who 
have  been  absent  more  than  25  half  days  for  the  half  year 


NATURE  OF  FAILURES 

In  Grade  I.,  100',   of  pupils  failing  are  deficient  in  language 

In  all  the  Grades  except  Grades  I.  and  II.,  mathematics  causes  from 
100  to  150' ,  more  failures  than  either  language  or  the  informational  sub- 
jects 

The  "Younger  than  Normal"  children  lead  in  language  failures;  the 
"Older  than  Normal"  lead  in  mathematics  and  "informational"  failures 


OVER-AGE  AND  PROGRESS  7 

NUMBER  AND  SIZE  OF  CLASSES 

57';;  of  the  classes  contain  under  40  pupils;  32%  have  from  40  to 
50;  11%  over  50  pupils 

Grade  I.  has  the  lowest  rate  (30'/;  )  of  small  sized  classes  and  the 
highest  rate  (35'y;  )  of  classes  ''over  50."  The  high  rate  of  failing  in  the 
grade  is  due  in  part  to  this  condition 

Promotion  rates  are  lowest  in  the  "over  50"  classes 

Pupils  are  not  classified  according  to  age  or  ability 

61%  of  the  pupils  completing  Grade  VIII.  are  of  the  normal  age  or 
younger 

PATTERSON  SCHOOL 
Promotions  in  this  school  are  made  semi-annually 
Compared  to  the  other  schools  the  rates  in  the  three  age  groups  are : 

Under  Normal     Normal     Over  Normal 

Patterson  School 40%  21',  39% 

Other  Schools 13',  45%  42% 

The  degree  of  overage  is  less  marked  in  this  school  than  in  the  other 
schools 

Over  95';,  of  the  pupils  made  normal  progress;  this  is  4%  higher 
than  in  the  other  schools 

Promotion  rates  are  higher  for  the  five  upper  grades  of  the  Patter- 
son school  than  for  the  same  grades  in  the  other  schools ;  non-promotion 
lower 

In  the  first  half  of  Grade  VIII.  the  rate  of  promotion  drops  to  76% ; 
24%  dropped  out;  the  non-promotion  rate  is  zero 


8  DAYTON  r.l'REAU  OF  Ml'NICIPAL  RESEARCH 


Recommendations 

That  an  age  study  be  made  at  the  beginning  of 
every  school  year  for  purposes  of  classifying  pupils 
properly 

That  an  over-age  and  progress  study  be  made  at 
the  close  of  every  school  year. 

Wherever  possible  pupils  be  classified  according  to 
age  and  ability 

That  the  nature  of  the  failures  be  investigated  in 
order  that  special  attention  may  be  given  whenever 
necessary  to  the  subjects  in  which  the  rates  of  failure 
are  high 

That  the  environment  of  pupils  in  different  schools 
be  investigated — social  and  economic 

That  the  course  of  study  be  sufficiently  flexible  to 
conform  to  the  needs  of  various  groups  of  children 

That  special  practical  courses  be  arranged  for  pu- 
pils who  are  marking  time  until  reaching  the  legal 
working  age 

That  the  causes  for  the  dropping  out  of  pupils  be 
noted,  and  measures  taken  to  diminish  them  if  prevent- 
able 

That  semi-annual  promotions  be  inaugurated  in 
all  schools  in  order  to  reduce  the  length  of  time  lost 
in  case  of  non-promotion  and  to  make  possible  the  en- 
trance of  pupils  to  Grade  I.  in  February,  thus  saving 
from  one  to  six  months  of  each  child's  life.  This  would 
tend  to  reduce  over-age  in  that  grade 

That  some  person  be  delegated  to  analyze  and  in- 
terpret principal's  reports  and  to  make  investigations  of 
problems  arising.  In  some  cities  this  study  is  the  work 
of  a  definite  Bureau  of  Reference  and  Research 


OVER-AGE  AND  PROGRESS 


Table  I. — Shows  the  number  of  children  by  age  and  grade — 


Grade 

5 

6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

Total 

I 

309 

1308 

451 

128 

52 

11 

6 

4 

2 

1 

2272 

II 

203 

906 

372 

115 

52 

30 

8 

2 

1688 

III 

188 

823 

455 

169 

73 

45 

19 

2 

2 

1776 

IV 

168 

621 

414 

224 

113 

43 

19 

2 

2 

1606 

V 

2 

179 

.475 

307 

236 

111 

51 

6 

1 

1368 

VI 

4 

148 

439 

344 

166 

69 

16 

5 

1 

1192 

VII 

8 

158 

430 

318 

159 

26 

5 

1104 

VIII 

1493 

1426 

1277 

8 

104 

334 

993 

221 
524 

84 
136 

10 
23 

2 
3 

763 

Total 

309 

1511 

1545 

1245 

1284 

11769 

Table  I.A — Shows  the  number  of  children  by  age  and  grade  in  the 
five  upper  grades  of  the  Patterson  school. 


7 

8 

8 

9 

9  I  10 

10 

11 

11 

12 

12 

13 

13 

14 

14 

15 

15 

16 

Grade 

1 

1 

y2 

8 

7 

1/2  \ 

V2 
1 

l 

V2 

lA 

V2 

y* 

Total 

IV-B 

4 

23 

IV-A 

3 

13 

18 

10 

11 

5 

3 

4 

2 

1 

70 

V-B 

7 

12 

2 

4 

4 

2 

1 

32 

V-A 

10 

14 

4 

8 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

43 

VI-B 

10 

6 

10 

1 

7 

34 

VI-A 

4 

24 

8 

9 

1 

3 

i 

50 

VII-B 

2 

9 

6 

8 

6 

4 

3 

2 

1 

41 

VII-A 

5 

6 

12 

6 

7 

2 

38 

VIII-B 

1 

2 

5 

8 

12 

5 

2 

1 

1 

1 

38 

VIII-A 

1 

4 

21 

25 

27 

41 

28 

54 

37 

33 

4 
39 

15 

39 

13 

36 

11 
21 

4 
6 

4 
6 

2 

3 

1 

53 

Total 

422 

The  number  of  children  enrolled  in  the  Dayton  schools  for  the  years 
1912-'13  shown  in  tables  I.  and  I.A,  minus  the  transfers  from  one  school 
to  another  in  the  city,  was  12,191.  As  is  usually  the  case  the  first  grade 
contains  the  greatest  number. 


10 


DAYTON  BUREAU  OF  MUNICIPAL  RESEARCH 


&  ra.de, 

I 


HI 


IT 


-vr 


Met        Fn-voll  w\«kI"  in.   Cack    Grade 

too       Uoi*         t>oo        800         loao       i^Jo        IU-00      )&oo      IJjj      Xjw       2.2.0J 
t  ■   I  '  I  I «*«»»- 


The    Elducatiortal     Fade-Awa^ 


OVER-AGE  AND  PROGRESS 


11 


NUMBER     OP    CHILDREN/        OF      EACH       AGE. 


- 


A&e        5      6      7      8     Q      10     II     12     13    14     15    IS     \7 


\2 


DAYTON  BUREAl    OF  MUNICIPAL  RESEARCH 


OVER-AGE 

Table  II. — Shows  by  grade  the  number  and  percentage  of  pupils 
under  the  normal  age,  at  the  normal  age,  and  over  the  normal  age. 


Younger  than 

Older  than 

Grade 

Normal 

Normal 

Normal 

Total 

No. 

% 

No. 

% 

No. 

% 

No. 

% 

I 

309 

13 

1308 

58 

655 

29 

2272 

100 

11 

203 

12 

906 

54 

579 

34 

1688 

1     HI 

188 

11 

823 

46 

765 

43 

1776 

IV 

168 

10 

621 

39 

817 

51 

1606 

V 

181 

13 

475 

35 

712 

52 

1368 

VI 

152 

13 

439 

37 

601 

50 

1192 

VII 

166 

15 

430 

39 

508 

46 

1104 

VIII 

112 

14 

334 

44 

317 

42 

763 

Total 

1479 

13 

5336 

45 

4954 

42 

11769 

100 

Table  2  shows  that  out  of  the  11,769  children  in  the  grade  schools, 
exclusive  of  the  upper  grades  in  the  Patterson  school,  1,479  or  13%  are 
younger  than  the  normal  age  for  the  grade,  5,336  or  45%  are  of  normal 
age  and  4,954  or  42%  are  older  than  they  should  be  for  the  grade.  The 
number  of  over-age  children  almost  equals  the  number  of  children  of 
normal  age  for  their  grades. 

The  lowest  percent  of  over-age  (29'/*  )  is  in  Grade  I.;  it  increases  to 
52'',,  the  maximum  in  Grade  V.  after  which  it  gradually  decreases  to 
42%  in  Grade  VIII.     This  over-age  may  be  caused  by, 

1.  Late  entrance  to  the  first  grade 

2.  Slow  progress  through  the  grades 

How  important  a  part  the  first  cause  plays  in  the  amount  of  over- 
age may  be  estimated  from  the  fact  that  29%  of  the  children  in  the  first 
grade  are  over  the  normal  age.  This  is  especially  significant  because 
promotions  are  made  but  once  a  year — a  feature  necessitating  many 
children  to  wait  an  additional  half  year  before  being  allowed  to  enter 
school.    How  many  of  these  entered  after  the  7th  birthday  is  not  known. 

However,  retardation  is  no  inconsiderable  factor  in  over-age  when  it 
is  seen  that  this  29%  in  the  first  grade  increases  to  52%  in  the  fifth  grade 
— and  a  similar  decrease  from  58%  to  35%  in  the  percentage  of  normal 
children  during  this  same  period. 

The  drop  in  the  percentage  of  over-age  children  after  Grade  V.  is  ex- 
plained by  table  7,  from  which  it  appears  that  these  pupils  leave  school. 


OVER-AGE  AND  PROGRESS 


13 


Ur\d€v  ^  IVor  ma  I    a.«\<l    Orer  Age 


I      2L      HI     IV    "V    "VI    T7H  "SOU 


Nd^mal  Age    I 
Ovcv  Age 


14 


DAYTON  BUREAU  OF  MUNICIPAL  RESEARCH 


Table  II. A — Shows  by  grade  the  number  and  percentage  of  pupils 
under  the  normal  age.  at  the  normal  age  and  over  the  normal  age  in  the 
five  upper  grades  of  the  Patterson  school. 


Younger  than 

Older  than 

Grade 

N<  'final 

Normal 

Normal 

Tot 

al 

No. 

'. 

No. 

' 

No. 

( ■ 

r 

No. 

% 

1V-B 

to 

44 

7 

0 

6 

26 

•>■> 

100 

IV- A 

34 

4!) 

10 

14 

26 

•  •  i 

70 

V-B 

7 

12 

13 

4  1 

•m 

V-A 

24 

56 

4 

9 

: 

5 

4:; 

VI-B 

10 

29 

6 

18 

VI-A 

28 

8 

16 

14 

28 

50 

VII-B 

}', 

41 

8 

20 

16 

39 

41 

VTI-A 

11 

29 

12 

32 

15 

9 

• 

VIII-B 

8 

21 

8 

21 

22 

- 

- 

VIII-A 

19 

36 

13 

24 

21 

40 

53 

Total 

168 

40 

88 

21 

166 

39 

422 

100 

In  contrast  to  the  results  shown  by  table  2  are  the  over-age  figures 
in  table  2A,  which  show  that  in  the  five  upper  grades  of  the  Patterson 
school  where  promotions  occur  semi-annually,  although  39%  are  over- 
age, 40%  are  below  the  normal  age  or  ahead  for  their  grade.  This  in 
face  of  the  fact  that  only  15$  entered  the  first  grade  of  this  school  be- 
low the  normal  age  and  that  this  school  is  located  in  a  foreign  neighbor- 
hood. 

Though  based  on  comparatively  few  figures  it  seems  fair  to  assume 
that  there  is  some  relation  between  this  favorable  showing  and  semi- 
annual promotions. 

At  the  end  of  the  fifth  year  there  were  in  this  school  35%  over-age 
children  as  against  52' "■',  in  the  other  schools,  while  56'/,  were  below 
normal  age  as  against  13%  in  other  schools. 


OVER-AGE  AND  PROGRESS 


15 


Table  III. — Shows  by  grades  the  number  and  percentage  of  pupils 
according  to  the  number  of  years  under  and  over  the  normal  age. 


Grade 

No.  of  years  younger 
than  Normal  Age 

Normal 
Age 

No.  of  years  older  than 
Normal  Age 

1-2 

0-1 

Total 

„-, 

1-2 

2  and 
over 

Total 

I 

II 

III 

IV 

V 

VI 

VII 

VIII 

5 

2 
4 

8 
8 

309 
198 
188 
168 
179 
148 
158 
104 

309 
203 
188 
168 
181 
152 
166 
112 

1308 
906 
823 
621 
475 
439 
430 
334 

451 
372 
455 
414 
307 
344 
318 
221 

128 
115 
169 
224 
236 
166 
159 
^4 

7<; 

92 

141 

179 

169 

91 

31 

12 

655 

579 
765 
817 
712 
601 
508 
317 

Total 

27 

1452 

1479 

5336 

2882 

1281 

791 

4954 

In  support  of  table  2,  the  above  shows  that  58%  of  the  over-age 
pupils  are  less  than  a  year  behind  their  grades  in  age,  26%  from  one  to 
two  years  and  16'/<  are  over  two  years  above  the  normal  age.  Conditions 
appear  to  be  at  their  worst  in  Grade  V.,  where  the  percentage  of  pupils 
over  two  years  too  old  for  the  grade  is  highest — 24% — double  that  of 
the  first  year;  the  percentage  of  pupils  less  than  a  year  over  age  is  low- 
est, being  43%.  In  other  words  Grade  V.  shows  the  highest  percentage 
for  bad  conditions  and  the  lowest  percentage  for  the  better  conditions. 

The  improvement  after  Grade  V  is  undoubtedly  due  in  large  meas- 
ure to  the  dropping  out  of  retarded  pupils  and  not  so  much  to  any  in- 
creased school  efficiency  above  that  grade. 

1,281  children  were  from  one  to  two  years  older  for  the  grade  than 
they  should  have  been,  and  791  were  more  than  two  years  behind  their 
grade. 


16 


DAYTON  BUREAU  OF  MUNICIPAL  RESEARCH 


Table  III. A — Shows  by  grades  the  number  and  percentage  of  pupils 
according  to  the  number  of  years  under  and  over  the  normal  age  in  the 
five  upper  grades  of  the  Patterson  school. 


No.  of 

years  younger 

No.  of  years  older  th 

an 

Grade 

than 

Normal  Age 

Normal 
Age 

Normal  Age 

1-2 

0-1 

Total 

0-1 

1-2 

2  and 
over 

Total 

IV-B 
I  V-A 

1 
3 

9 
31 

10 
:;4 

7 
10 

\ 
16 

1 

7 

1 
3 

6 
26 

V-B 
V-A 

7 
24 

7 
24 

12 
4 

6 

10 

4 
2 

3 

o 

11! 
15 

VI-B 
VI-A 

li) 
28 

10 

28 

6 

8 

1  ! 
10 

7 
4 

18 
1  1 

VII-B 
VII-A 

2 

11 

17 

1  1 

8 
12 

10 
13 

5 
2 

1 

16 

15 

VIII-B 

VIII-A 

1 

7 
19 

8 
19 

8 
i.; 

17 
15 

■  > 

6 

2 

22 
21 

Total 

7 

K.l 

1  68 

88 

1  !'.' 

41 

13 

L66 

Patterson  school  shows  the  great  majority  (67%)  of  its  over-age 
pupils  less  than  a  year  too  old  for  their  grades;  _'5'<  from  one  to  two 
years  above  normal  age.  As  in  the  other  schools  Grade  V.  seems  to  be 
the  worst  offender.  It  has  the  lowest  percentage  (46%)  of  pupils  least 
over-age  and  the  highest  rate  (239?  )  °f  pupils  above  the  two  year  mark. 


OVER-AGE  AND  PROGRESS 


17 


PROGRESS 

Table  IV. — Shows  the  number  and  percentage  of  pupils  according 
to  the  length  of  time  spent  in  the  grade. 


Time  in  grade  on  June  20.  1913. 

Grade 

Less  than 

More  than 

Normal 

Normal 

Normal 

Total 

No. 

% 

No. 

% 

No. 

10 

No. 

% 

I 

60 

3 

1917 

84 

295 

13 

2272 

100 

II 

30 

2 

1547 

91 

111 

7 

1688 

<« 

III 

40 

2 

1605 

91 

131 

7 

1776 

a 

IV 

41 

2 

1440 

90 

125 

8 

1606 

a 

V 

36 

3 

1247 

91 

85 

7 

1368 

u 

VI 

20 

2 

1127 

94 

45 

4 

1192 

a 

VII 

13 

1 

1068 

97 

23 

2 

1104 

a 

VIII 

14 

2 

718 

94 

31 

4 

763 

u 

Total 

254 

2 

10669 

91 

846 

7 

11769 

100 

It  appears  from  this  table  that  the  largest  number  and  percentage 
of  repeaters  are  in  the  first  grade,  where  13%  of  the  pupils  have  been  in 
the  grade  longer  than  the  normal  time  required  to  complete  it.  The  rate 
drops  to  7%  in  Grade  II.  and  remains  so  thru  Grade  V.,  after  which  it  de- 
creases to  4c/( .  Again  it  is  observed  that  the  mortality  is  greatest  in  the 
fifth  grade  when  the  repeaters,  apparently  of  age  for  work,  drop  out. 
This  point  will  be  brought  out  more  fully  in  table  7.  The  increase  of 
2%  between  the  eighth  and  seventh  grades  can  probably  be  explained  by 
the  fact  that  pupils  at  this  stage  wait  to  complete  the  elementary  school 
course. 

In  the  five  upper  grades  of  the  Patterson  school  95%  or  402  of  the 
422  pupils  have  been  in  their  grades  the  normal  length  of  time.  In  the 
last  half  of  the  eight  grade  10  pupils  out  of  43  were  in  the  grade  over 
one  semester,  bearing  out  the  theory  that  pupils  generally  wait  at  this 
time  to  complete  the  grade  school. 


18 


DAYTON  BUREAU  OF  MUNICIPAL  RESEARCH 


Table  V. — Shows  the  number  of  pupils  according  to  the  length  of 
time  spent  in  the  grades. 


Time  in  Grade  on  June  2 

o,  1913. 

Less 

Than 

Normal 

More 

Than  N 

ormal 

Norm'l 

Grade 

Total 

One  Half 

Year  or 

Less 

One  Year 

or  Less 

But  Over 

One  Half 

Year 

Oae and 
Ooe  Half 
Year  or 
Less  But 
Over  One 
Year 

Two 
Years  or 
Less  But 
OverOne 
and  One 
Half  Year 

Two  and 

One  Half 

Years  or 

Less  But 

Over 

Two 

Years 

Three 
Ye-ars  or    ' 
Less  But 

Over 

Two  and 

One  Half 

Years 

OVT 

Three 
Years 

I 

60 

1917 

41 

1  15 

11 

112 

16 

22 

11 

30 

1547 

30 

39 

1 

41 

1688 

III 

40 

161):. 

21 

40 

.") 

64 

1 

1776 

IV 

41 

1440 

14 

48 

18 

41 

4 

1606 

V 

36 

1247 

7 

16 

30 

•  > 

1 368 

VI 

20 

1 127 

.       4 

31 

■> 

8 

1  1 92 

VII 

13 

1068 

q 

•  > 

10 

9 

1 

1  104 

VIII 

14 

718 

i 

29 

1 

ital 

25  1 

10669 

121 

'.  '.  ~l  8 

37 

• 

306 

24 

1  1  769 

Table  5  presenting  in  detail  the  progress  of  the  pupils  points  out  the 
•  that  of  the  children  remaining  in  the  grades  longer  than  the  normal 
period,  by  far  the  greatest  number  are  retarded  two  and  three  full  years, 
comparatively  few  1  '  ...  _"  ..  and  3'_.  years;  121  and  37  pupils  have  been 
in  the  grades  1  '  ■  and  -'_•  years  respectively;  358  and  306  have  been  re- 
tained 2  and  3  years.  Annual  promotions  it  can  be  assumed  are  account- 
able for  this.  <  >f  the  24  children  in  their  grades  over  three  years.  16  were 
in  Grade  I. 


OVER-AGE  AND  PROGRESS 


19 


Table  V.A — Shows  for  the  five  upper  grades  of  the  Patterson  school 
the  number  of  pupils  according  to  the  length  of  time  spent  in  the  grades. 


Time  in  Grade  on  June  20,  1913. 

Less 

Than 

Normal 

More  Than  Normal 

Norm'l 

Grade 

Total 

One 
Semester 
or  Less 
But  Over 
One  Half 
Semester 

One  and 

Two 

Two  and 

Three 

» 

One  Half 

Semester 

or  Less 

One  Half 

Semester 

or  Less 

But  Over 

One 
Semester 

Semesters 
or  Less 
But  Over 
One  and 
One  Half 
Semester 

One  Half 

Semesters 

or  Less 

But  Over 

Two 

Semesters 

Semesters 
or  Less 
But  Over 
Two  and 
One  Half 
Semesters 

Over 
Three 

Semesters 

IV-B 

23 

23 

IV-A 

3 

65 

2 

70 

V-B 

32 

32 

V-A 

39 

4 

43 

VI-B 

• 

34 

34 

VI-A 

50 

50 

VII-B 

41 

41 

VII-A 

38 

38 

VIII-B 

1 

37 

38 

VIII-A 

43 

10 

53 

Total 

4 

402 

14 

o 

422 

In  this  table  the  significant  contrast  between  the  Patterson  and  the 
other  schools  again  appears.  Out  of  the  422  children  in  the  five  upper 
grades  of  this  school,  402  made  normal  progress,  while  14  were  behind 
but  \l/2  semesters.  Pupils  in  this  school,  due  to  the  system  of  semi-an- 
nual promotions,  lose  but  a  half  year  at  a  time  if  retarded. 


20  DAYTON  BUREAU  OF  MUNICIPAL  RESEARCH 


Age  and  Progress  Chart 
of  Children  in  Elementary  Schools 

(Exclusive  of  Patterson  School) 


Younger 

than   Normal 

Normal  Age 

Older 
than  Normal 

Age 

Age 

Less  than 

Normal 

Length  of 
Time  in 
Grade 

18 

82 

154 

Normal 

Length  of 

Time  in 
Grade 

1451 

5163 

4085 

More  than 

Normal 

Length  of 
Time  in 
Grade 

10 

91 

715 

OVER-AGE  AND  PROGRESS 


21 


PROMOTION  AND  NON-PROMOTION 

Annual  promotions  in  all  but  the  five  upper  grades  of  the  Patterson 
school  is  the  prevailing  system  in  Dayton.  In  lieu  of  semi-annual  pro- 
motions the  superintendent  of  schools  has  devised  a  method  by  which 
pupils  who  are  deficient  in  February  are  permitted  to  go  on  with  their 
classes  in  all  subjects,  but  receive  special  attention  in  the  subjects  in 
which  they  have  failed.  By  the  end  of  the  year,  according  to  the  super- 
intendent, the  great  majority  of  such  children  are  proficient  and  eligible 
for  promotion. 

The  coaching  of  these  children  is  done  by  assistant  teachers — re- 
cent graduates  of  the  local  Normal  school.  ■  The  record  of  the  Patterson 
school  seems  to  indicate  that  this  method  is  not  nearly  so  efficient  in 
decreasing  time  lost  to  pupils  as  is  the  method  of  semi-annual  promo- 
tions. A  combination  of  the  two  methods  should  be  more  effective  than 
either. 

Table  VI. — Shows  by  grades  the  number  and  percentage  of  pupils 
promoted,  not  promoted  and  dropped  out. 


Grade 

Promoted 

Not  Promoted 

Dropped  Out 

Total 

No. 

% 

No. 

% 

No. 

% 

No. 

% 

I 

II 

III 

IV 

V 

VI 

VII 

VIII 

1708 
1497 
1545 
1354 
1157 
1041 
960 
696 

75 

89 
87 
85 
84 
87 
87 
91 

314 

77 

126 

116 

107 

61 

37 

5 

14 

4 

i 

7 
8 
5 
3 
1 

250 
114 
105 
136 
104 

90 
107 

62 

11 

rt 

6 

8 

8 

8 

10 

8 

2272 
1688 
1776 
1606 
1368 
1192 
1104 
763 

100 

a 

a 
ti 
a 
a 

Total 

9958 

85 

843 

7 

968 

8 

11769 

100 

Table  6  shows  that  the  lowest  rate  of  promotion  (75%)  exists  in  the 
first  grade  and  the  highest  rate  (91%)  in  the  eighth.  It  seems  natural 
that  such  be  the  case  in  the  eighth  grade  because  the  fittest  survive  the 
entire  school  course.  The  low  rate  prevailing  in  the  first  grade  cannot  be 
explained  so  readily.     It  may  be  due  to— 

1.  Immaturity 

2.  Over  size  classes 

3.  Absence 

To  which  of  these  causes  it  is  attributable  will  be  brought  out  in 
tables  7,  9  and  10. 

The  reason  for  the  heavy  dropping  out  in  the  first  grade  (11%)  can- 
not be  determined  definitely  from  the  data  at  hand.     Due  to  the  closing 


T 


DAVTcX  BUREAU  OF  MUNICIPAL  RESEARCH 


of  the  schools  for  a  month  at  the  time  of  the  flood  which  occurred  in 
Davton  in  March,  1913,  many  of  the  younger  children  dropped  out,  not 
to  return  for  the  year,  after  the  schools  were-  reopened.  Many  families 
left  their  homes  in  the  flooded  districts,  and  did  not  send  their  children 
hack  to  school  for  the  two  remaining  mouths  of  the  term. 

The  10'  <  of  dropping  out  which  occurred  in  the  seventh  grade  is 
probably  normal  for  that  grade  and  is  due  to  the  children  having  reached 
the  w<  irking  age. 

Table  VI.A — Shows  by  grades  the  number  and  percentage  of  pu- 
pils promoted,  not  promoted  and  dropped  out  in  the  five  upper  grades 
of  the  Patterson  school. 


Grade 

Promoted 

Not  Promoted 

Droppc 

(!  (  hit 

Total 

No. 

% 

No. 

% 

No. 

% 

No. 

% 

-B 
IV-A 



64 

96 
92 

1 

:; 

4 
4 

3 

4 

23 
70 

]00 

V-B 

V-A 

31 
40 

97 
93 

l 
3 

3 

7 

32 

4:; 

• 

VI-B 
VI-A 

34 

50 

100 
100 

i 

34 

50 

VII-B 
VII-A 

37 

93 

3 

1 

7 
3 

•11 
38 

i 

VIII-B 
VIII-A 

29 

48 

76 
90 

1 

■> 

9 

4 

24 
8 

34 
53 

4 

.   ital 

9 

93 

!) 

g 

20 

.» 

41':.! 

too 

The  rates  of  promotion  in  the  upper  grades  of  the  Patterson  school 
were  all  over  90^5  .  except  in  the  first  half  of  the  8th  grade,  where  it  was 
,  .     Here  it  will  be  noticed  that  2A< ,   of  the  pupils  dropped  out.     The 
rate  of  promotion  in  the  other  schools  was  85'  <  . 


OVER-AGE  AND  PROGRESS 


23 


Table  VII. — Shows  by  grades  the  number  and  percentage  of  pupils 
promoted,  not  promoted  and  dropped  out  according  to  whether  they  are 
under  the  normal  age,  of  normal  age  or  over  the  normal  age. 


Age  in  Relation 

Number  of  Children 

Grade 

N 

ot 

Dropped 

to  Grade 

Promoted 

Promoted 

O 

lit 

Total 

No. 

% 

No. 

O) 

No. 

% 

No. 

I 

Under  Normal 

219 

71 

67 

22 

23 

7 

309 

Normal 

1005 

*.  7 

169 

13 

134 

10 

1308 

Over   Normal 

484 

74 

78 

12 

93 

14 

655 

Total 

1708 

75 

314 

14 

250 

11 

227  2 

II 

Under  Normal 

184 

91 

10 

4 

9 

5 

203 

Normal 

825 

91 

36 

4 

45 

5 

906 

Over  Normal 

488 

85 

31 

5 

60 

10 

57  9 

Total 

1497 

89 

7  7 

4 

114 

7 

1688 

III 

Under  Normal 

1 65 

88 

13 

t 

10 

5 

188 

Normal 

746 

91 

42 

5 

35 

4 

823 

(  >ver  Normal 

634 

83 

71 

9 

60 

8 

765 

Total 

1  545 

87 

126 

7 

105 

6 

1776 

IV 

Under  Normal 

147 

87 

10 

6 

11 

7 

168 

Normal 

552 

89- 

5 

38 

6 

621 

Over   Normal 

655 

80 

75 

9 

87 

11 

817 

Total 

1354 

85 

116 

t 

136 

8 

1606 

V 

Under  Normal 

it:; 

95 

5 

.i 

3 

2 

181 

Normal 

44? 

95 

15 

3 

13 

o 

475 

Over  Normal 

537 

;  5 

>7 

12 

88 

13 

712 

Total 

1157 

^4 

107 

8 

104 

8 

1368 

VI 

Under  Normal 

143 

93 

6 

4 

3 

3 

152 

Normal 

412 

94 

13 

3 

14 

3 

439 

Over  Normal 

'     486 

81 

42 

7 

7  3 

12 

601 

Total 

1041 

87 

61 

5 

90 

8 

1192 

VII 

Under  Normal 

157 

95 

2 

1 

7 

4 

166 

Normal 

406 

95 

10 

o 

14 

o 
o 

430 

Over  Normal 

397 

78 

25 

5 

86 

1? 

508 

Total 

9  CO 

87 

37 

3 

107 

10 

1104 

VIII 

Under  Normal 

110 

98 

1 

1 

1 

l 

112 

Normal 

315 

>4 

19 

6 

334 

Over  Normal 

271 

SO 

4 

1 

42 

13 

317 

Total 

696 

91 

5 

1 

62 

8 

7  63 

Totals 

Under  Normal 

1298 

87 

113 

8 

70 

5 

1481 

Normal 

4708 

88 

318 

6 

305 

6 

5331 

Over  Normal 

3952 

80 

412 

0 

593 

12 

4957 

Grand  Total 

9958 

85 

843 

7 

968 

8 

11769 

Table  7  shows  a  distinct  causal  relation  between  non-promotion 
and  over-age  in  all  grades  except  the  first.  In  Grade  I.,  where  the  pro- 
motion rate  is  lowest  and  non-promotion  highest,  it  will  be  observed  that 


24  DAYT<  >N  BUREAU  OF  MUNICIPAL  RESEARCH 

22' ,  of  the  pupils  too  young  for  this  grade  have  failed  of  promotion, 
pointing  out  the  fact  that  immaturity  is  a  noticeable  factor  in  the  re- 
laxation of  pupils  in  Grade  I.  This  rather  explains  the  high  rate  of 
non-promotion  for  this  grade.  It  is  still  to  be  seen  how  significant  in  this 
respect  arc  absence  and  over-size  classes. 

The  only  instance  in  which  the  rate  of  non-promotion  is  not  the 
highest  for  the  "<  >ver  Normal  Age"  group  is  found  in  Grade  I.  In  all 
the  other  grades  the  failures  anion--  the  overage  pupils  are  higher  and 
the  promotions  are  lower  than  those  of  the  "Under  Normal"  and 
"Normal"  pupils  combined.  In  Grade  V.  the  non-promotion  rate  in  the 
••(  Uder  than  Normal"  group  is  100',  higher  than  that  of  the  "Normal" 
and  "Younger  than  Normal"  pupils  combined. 

In  all  the  grades  except  Grade  I.  the  rates  of  promotion  and  non- 
promotion  of  the  "Under  Normal"  and  "Normal"  groups  are  equal  or 
vary  1',    or  2'  ,    either  way. 

The  highest  percentage  of  elimination  in  every  grade  occurs  in  the 
••(  iver  Agi  iup.     it  is  also  true  that  in  all  grades  except  the  first,  the 

number  of  "i  >ver  Normal  Age"  pupils  dropping  out  exceeds  that  of  the 
other  two  -roups  combined  and  doubles  them  in  the  upper  grades. 
What  becomes  of  these  children  who  dropped  out  below  the  fifth  grade 
cannot  be  determined  from  the  data  at  hand.  It  is  presumed  that  they 
returned  to  school  either  in  Dayton  or  in  some  other  city. 

I  Isually  it  is  found  that  in  Grade  I.  the  children  who  are  too  young 
for  the  grade  drop  out.  The  reversal  of  affairs,  according  to  this  table, 
v.  here  the  dropping  out  for  "<  >ver  Normal"  children  is  100';  greater  than 
that  of  the  "Under  Normal"  children,  cannot  be  explained  from  available 

irmation.      However,   the   abnormal   conditions   in   Dayton   last  year 
must  be  taken  into  consideration. 


OVER-AGE  AND  PROGRESS 


25 


Table  VILA — Shows  for  the  five  upper  grades  of  the  Patterson 
school  the  number  and  percentage  of  pupils  promoted,  not  promoted  and 
dropped  out  according  to  whether  they  are  under  normal,  normal  or  over 
the  normal  age. 


Age  in  Relation 

X  urn  be 

r  of  C 

hildren 

Grade 

X 

ot 

Dropped 

to  Grade 

Prom 

oted 

Promoted 

Out 

Total 

No. 

% 

No. 

10 

No. 

'' 

No. 

IV-B 

Below    Normal 

JO 

1 00 

10 

Normal 

G 

86 

1 

14 

7 

Above  Normal 

6 

100 

6 

Total 

22 

96 

1 

4 

23 

IV- A 

Below  Normal 

32 

1 

3 

1 

3 

34 

Normal 

9 

90 

1 

10 

10 

Above    Normal 

2 

88 

1 

4 

2 

8 

Total 

64 

92 

3 

4 

3 

4 

70 

V-B 

Below    Normal 
Normal 

7 
12 

100 

7 
12 

Above    Normal 

12 

92 

1 

8 

13 

Total 

31 

1)7 

1 

q 

32 

Y-A 

Below  Normal 
Normal 

03 

4 

L00 

1 

4 

24 
4 

Above    Normal 

13 

37 

2 

13 

15 

Total 

4  1 

93 

:; 

7 

43 

VI-B 

Below    Normal 
Normal 

Above  Normal 
Total 

10 

6 

18 

34 

LOO 
100 
L00 

100 

10 

6 

18 

34 

VI-A 

Below  Normal 
Normal 

Above   Normal 
Total 

28 

8 
14 
50 

100 
100 
100 

100 

28 

8 

14 

50 

VII-B 

Below  Normal 
Normal 

16 

8 

94 
100 

1 

6 

17 

8 

Above    Normal 

14 

88 

2 

12 

16 

Total 

38 

93 

3 

1 

41 

VII-A 

Below    Normal 

11 

100 

11 

• 

Normal 
Above    Normal 

11 
15 

92 
100 

1 

8 

12 
15 

Total 

37 

07 

1 

3 

38 

VIII-B 

Below    Normal 

8 

100 

8 

Normal 

1 

87 

1 

13 

8 

Above    Normal 

14 

64 

8 

36 

22 

Total 

29 

76 

9 

24 

38 

VIII-A 

Below    Normal 
Normal 

19 
13 

100 
100 

19 
13 

Above  Normal 

16 

76 

i 

5 

4 

19 

21 

Total 

48 

90 

l 

9 

4 

8 

53 

Totals 

Below  Normal 

1 64 

98 

2 

1 

2 

1 

168 

Normal 

84 

96 

2 

O 

2 

2 

88 

Above    Normal 

145 

87 

5 

o 

16 

10 

166 

Total 

393 

93 

9 

o 

20 

5 

26  DAYTON  BUREAU  ( >F  MUNICIPAL  RESEARCH 

In  the  five  upper  grades  of  the  Patterson  school  where  40$  of  the  pu- 
are  below  the  normal  age,  the  promotion  rates  in  all  of  the  age 
groups  range  from  87$  to  100$  .  in  Grade  IV.  only,  does  the  rate  fall  to 
and  76* ,  .  These  occur  in  the  over-age  group,  from  which  the  pupils 
dropped  out.  But  one  pupil  in  all  of  the  three  upper  grades  failed  to  ad- 
vance last  year,  and  only  three  pupils  dropped  out  in  the  4th,  5th  and  6th 
grades. 

For  all  grades  the  rate  of  promotion  For  "Under  Normal"  children 
98$  ;  for  "Normal"  96%,  and  for  "Older  than   Normal"  87r;  .     In 
the   last   named   group    10$    of  the  children   dropped   out,   the   heaviest 
elimination  taking  place  in  the  first  half  of  Grade  VIII. 


OVER-AGE  AND  PROGRESS 


27 


Table  VIII. — Shows  by  grades  the  number  and  percentage  of  pupils 
promoted,  not  promoted  and  dropped  out  according  to  the  length  of  time 
spent  in  the  grade. 


N 

ot 

Dropped 

Grade 

Time  in  Grade  on 
June  20,  1913 

Prom 

oted 

Promoted 

Out 

Total 

No. 

% 

No. 

(: 

No. 

% 

No. 

I 

y2   yr.   or   less 
1  yr.  or  less,  but 

11 

18 

6 

10 

43 

72 

60 

over  y2  yr. 

1453 

75 

277 

15 

184 

10 

1891 

Over   1   yr. 

242 

83 

31 

10 

23 

7 

321 

Total 

1708 

7  5 

314 

14 

250 

11 

2272 

II 

y2   yr.   or  less 
1  yr.  or  less,  but 

11 

37 

19 

63 

30 

over  y2  yr. 

1382 

89 

71 

5 

92 

6 

1546 

Over   1   yr. 

104 

92 

6 

5 

•J 

112 

Total 

1497 

88 

77 

5 

114 

i 

1688 

III 

l/2  yr.  or  less 
1  yr.  or  less,  but 

16 

4'..' 

4 

t 

20 

50 

40 

over  }/2   yr. 

1424 

22 

113 

10 

75 

5 

1612 

Over   1   vr. 

105 

85 

9 

7 

10 

^ 

124 

Total 

1545 

87 

126 

7 

105 

6 

1776 

IV 

y2  yr.  or  less 
1  yr.  or  less,  but 

13 

32 

3 

( 

25 

61 

41 

over  y2  yr. 

1237 

>-: 

108 

g 

95 

i 

1440 

Over   1   yr. 

104 

85 

5 

4 

16 

11 

125 

Total 

1354 

85 

1 1  6 

r- 
1 

136 

8 

1606 

V 

y2   yr.    or   less 
1  yr.  or  less,  but 

9 

25 

3 

8 

24 

67 

36 

over   y2   yr. 

1077 

87 

100 

C 

68 

5 

1245 

Over  1  yr. 

;i 

81 

4 

■". 

12 

14 

87 

Total 

1157 

SJ 

107 

1 

104 

8 

1368 

VI 

y2   yr.    or   less 
1  yr.  or  less,  but 

4 

20 

2 

10 

14 

70 

20 

over    }/2    yr. 

1000 

89 

56 

5 

71 

6 

1127 

Over  1  yr. 

37 

82 

3 

t 

5 

11 

45  , 

Total 

1041 

87 

61 

' 

90 

8 

1192 

VII 

y2  yr.  or  less 
1  yr.  or  less,  but 

2 

15 

1 

I 

10 

77 

13 

over  y2   yr. 

939 

88 

36 

V 

93 

9 

106S 

Over  1  yr. 

19 

83 

4 

17 

23 

Total 

960 

81 

•  J  < 

107 

10 

1104 

VIII 

y2  yr.  or  less 
1  yr.  or  less,  but 

1 

r1 
I 

13 

93 

14 

over   y2   yr. 

692 

93 

5 

1 

49 

6 

746 

Over  1  yr. 

3 

100 

3 

Total 

696 

91 

5 

1 

62 

8 

763 

Totals 

y2  yr.  or  less 
1  yr.  or  less,  but 

67 

26 

19 

8 

168 

66 

254 

over  y2  yr. 

9182 

86 

768 

7 

727 

7 

10675 

Over  1  yr. 

709 

84 

5S 

73 

9 

840 

Total 

9958 

85 

843 

i 

968 

8 

11769 

DAYTi  >N  BUREAU  OF  MUNICIPAL  RESEARCH 

As  would  be  expected,  the  percentage  of  promotions  in  all  grades 
is  lowesl  For  pupils  in  the  grade  less  than  the  normal  period,  the  rates 
ranging  from  7' ,  in  Grade  VIII.,  to  40',  in  Grade  III.  The  highest 
rate  of  promotion,  except  in  Grades  1..  !  1.  and  VIII.,  occurs  among  pupils 
spending  the  normal  time  in  the  grade.  In  all  but  the  three  grades 
mentioned  the  rates  of  promotion  for  pupils  spending  more  than  the 
normal  period  in  the  grade  or  repeaters  are  lower  than  the  rates  for 
those  who  have  been  in  the  grade  but  the  normal  period.  In  grades  I..  II. 
and  VIII,  the  percentage-  for  the  "Normal  Period"  pupils  are  76%,  82*  I 
and  S'",  respectively,  as  against  92%,  'AV  ,  and  100',;  respectively  for 
the  repeater.-. 

The  average  rate  of  promotion  in  all  grade-  is  highest  Eor  "Nor- 
mal Period"  pupils,  being  86%.  The  next  in  order  is  the  "Over  Nor- 
mal" with  84',  and  lowest  the  "Under  Normal  Period"  pupils  with  26«  !  . 
The  effect  of  time  spent  in  a  grade  upon  eliminations  is  made  apparent 
by  the  high  percentage  of  dropping  out  among  pupils  who  have  been  in 
the  grade  less  than  the  normal  period.  The  rate  is  66'  J  for  all  the  grades 
as  against  the  7',  for  pupils  in  the  "Normal  Period"  and  9%  in  the 
"(  >ver  Normal  Period."  The  lowest  rate  of  elimination  for  the  "Under 
Normal"  pupils  exists  in  the  Third  Grade,  where  50%  drop  out,  and  the 
highest  in  the  Eighth  Grade  with  9Z%    dropping  out. 

Conversely  for  these  two  grade-,  it  appears  that  a  pupil  can  make  up 
the  work  most  rapidly  in  the  former,  while  it  seems  most  difficult  to  be- 
come proficient  in  the  work  in  Grade  VIIL,  the  rate  of  promotion  being 
highest  for  the  "Under  Normal"  period  pupils  in  Grade  III.,  and  lowest 
in  Grade  VIIL 


OVER-AGE  AND  PROGRESS 


29 


Table  IX. — Shows  by  grades  the  number  and  percentage  of  pupils 
promoted,  not  promoted  and  dropped  out  according  to  number  of  half 
days  absent  during  the  half  year. 


Grade 


II 


III 


IV 


V 


VI 


VII 


VIII 


Half  Days  Absent 


Totals 


Less  than  25 
25  or  more 
Total 

Less  than  25 
25  or  more 
Total 

Less  than  25 
25  or  more 
Total 

Less  than  25 
25  or  more 
Total 

Less   than  25 
25  or  more 
Total 

Less  than  25 
25  or  more 
Total 

Less   than  25 
25  or  more 
Total 

Less  than  25 
25  or  more 
Total 


Less   than  25 
25  or  more 
Total 


N< 

Dt 

Dropped 

Promoted 

Promoted 

Out 

Total 

No. 

% 

No. 

% 

No. 

% 

No. 

1481 

76 

245 

13 

215 

11 

1941 

227 

68 

69 

21 

35 

11 

331 

1708 

75 

314 

14 

250 

11 

2272 

1352 

89 

62 

4 

99 

7 

1512 

145 

82 

15 

9 

16 

9 

176 

1497 

89 

77 

4 

114 

7 

1688 

1392 

87 

113 

7 

86 

6 

1591 

153 

83 

13 

8 

19 

9 

185 

1545 

87 

126 

i 

105 

6 

1776 

1246 

86 

90 

6 

110 

8 

1446 

108 

68 

26 

16 

26 

16 

160 

1354 

85 

116 

7 

136 

8 

1606 

1036 

86 

78 

7 

80 

rf 
1 

1194 

121 

69 

29 

17 

24 

14 

174 

1157 

84 

107 

8 

104 

8 

1368 

941 

90 

46 

4 

63 

6 

1050 

100 

70 

15 

11 

27 

19 

142 

1041 

87 

61 

5 

90 

8 

1192 

897 

89 

27 

o 

80 

8 

1004 

63 

63 

10 

10 

27 

27 

100 

960 

87 

37 

O 

107 

10 

1104 

664 

92 

5 

l 

52 

7 

72l" 

32 

70 

10 

30 

42 

696 

91 

I 

5 

l 

62 

8 

763 

9009 

87 

666 

6 

782 

7 

10457 

949 

72 

177 

14 

186 

14 

1312 

1  9958 

85 

843 

7 

968 

8 

11769 

An  absence  of  25  half  days  for  the  half  year  was  decided  upon 
arbitrarily  as  being  a  sufficient  number  of  days  to  affect  the  pro- 
motion of  pupils.  According  to  this  basis  the  figures  in  Table  9  show 
consistently  for  all  grades  that  the  rate  of  promotion  for  pupils  absent 
less  than  25  half  days  for  the  half  year,  is  decidedly  higher  than  the  rate 
for  the  pupils  who  were  more  irregular  in  attendance.  The  difference 
in  these  two  rates  ranges  from  4%  in  Grade  III.  to  22%  in  Grade  VIII. 
For  all  grades,  87%  of  the  pupils  absent  less  than  25  half  days  are  pro- 
moted ;  only  72%  of  the  others  advance.    This  is  a  difference  of  15%. 

Non-promotion  rates  are  from  1%  to  10%  higher  for  children  absent 
over  25  half  days. 

Elimination  rates  for  frequent  absentees  are  from  2%  to  23%  higher 
than  for  pupils  attending  regularly. 


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OVER-AGE  AND  PROGRESS 


31 


NATURE  OF  FAILURES 

Table  X.— Shows  by  grades  and  by  age  groups  the  number  and  per- 
centage of  pupils  failing  in  each  class  of  subjects. 


Age  in  Relation 

Failures 

i 

Grade 

Informa- 

to Grade 

Langi 

iage 

Mathematics 

tional 

Total 

No. 

% 

No. 

% 

No.    I 

% 

No. 

I 

Below   Normal 
Normal 

Above  Normal 
Total 

67 
168 

79 
314 

100 

a 
a 

67 
168 

79 
314 

II 

Below   Normal 

12 

67 

6 

33 

18 

Normal 

32 

59 

20 

37 

2 

4 

54 

Above  Normal 

34 

60 

23 

40 

57 

Total 

78 

60 

49 

38 

2 

2 

129 

III 

Below   Normal 

1 

8 

11 

84 

1 

8 

13 

Normal 

15 

29 

36 

69 

1 

2 

52 

Above  Normal 

28 

32 

54 

63 

4 

5 

86 

Total 

44 

29 

101 

67 

6 

4 

151 

IV 

Below   Normal 

o 

12 

10 

63 

4 

25 

16 

Normal 

5 

12 

30 

71 

7 

17 

42 

Above  Normal 

27 

22 

64 

51 

33 

27 

1-2  4 

Total 

34 

19 

104 

57 

44 

24 

182 

V 

Below   Normal 

50 

o 
0 

50 

6 

Normal 

•  > 

13 

16 

70 

4 

17 

23 

Above   Normal 

22 

18 

79 

65 

21 

17 

122 

Total 

28 

19 

98 

65 

25 

16 

151 

VI 

Below   Normal 

4 

40 

5 

50 

1 

10 

10 

Normal 

6 

32 

11 

58 

2 

10 

19 

Above  Normal 

5 

8 

38 

63 

17 

29 

60 

Total 

15 

17 

54 

61 

20 

22 

89 

VII 

Below   Normal 

2 

50 

2 

50 

4 

Normal 

3 

16 

8 

42 

8 

42 

19 

Above   Normal 

20 

34 

24 

41 

15 

25 

59 

Total 

25 

31 

34 

41 

23 

28 

82 

VIII 

Below   Normal 
Normal 

1 

50 

1 

50 

2 

Above  Normal 

3 

37 

3 

37 

o 

26 

8 

Total 

4 

40 

4 

40 

2 

20 

10 

Totals 

Below   Normal 

92 

rts 

38 

28 

6 

4 

136 

Normal 

2:;:3 

62 

121 

32 

24 

6 

377 

Above   Normal 

218 

37 

285 

4s 

92 

15 

595 

Total 

542 

49 

444 

40 

122 

11 

1108 

32  DAYTON  BUREAU  (  »F  MUNICIPAL  RESEARCH 


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OVER-AGE  AND  PROGRESS  33 

Failures  are  divided  into  three  groups:  those  occurring  in  language, 
in  mathematics  and  in  informational  subjects — history,  geography,  etc. 

In  Grade  I.,  1007<  of  the  failures  are  in  language — this  being  the 
chief  subject  taught.  These  failures  probably  include  foreign  children 
who  comprise  about  15%  of  the  pupils  in  some  schools. 

Sixty  per  cent  of  the  failures  in  Grade  II.  are  in  language. 

In  all  the  other  grades  mathematics  causes  from  100%  to  150%  more 
failures  than  either  language  or  the  informational  subjects. 

The  relationship  of  the  various  age  groups  to  failures  shows  that  in 
language  the  highest  rate  of  failure  (68%)  occurs  among  the  "Younger 
than  Normal"  children. 

In  mathematics  the  "Older  than  Normal"  group  leads  with  48%  of 
failures;  the  "Normal"  group  follows  with  32%;  the  "Under  Normal" 
28%. 

In  the  informational  subjects  the  rate  of  failure  in  the  "Over  Age" 
group  is  15%  ;  the  "Normal  Age"  group,  6%  ;  the  "Under  Normal"  4%. 

Of  all  the  failures  49%  occurred  in  language;  40%  in  mathematics 
and  11%  in  the  informational  subjects.  This  high  average  rate  in 
language  is  influenced  in  great  part  by  the  100%  language  failure  shown 
in  Grade  1. 

There  seems  to  be  no  significant  relationship  between  the  grade  and 
the  nature  of  the  failure  or  the  age  group,  except  that  in  the  four  upper 
grades  the  language  failures  are  located  among  the  "Under  Normal  Age" 
pupils. 

There  were  15  failures  in  the  five  upper  grades  of  the  Patterson 
school.  The  over-age  pupils  made  up  over  half  in  all  three  groups  com- 
bined. 


34 


DAYTON  BUREAU  OF  MUNICIPAL  RESEARCH 


Table  XI. — Compares  promotion  rates  in  classes  having  less  than 
40  pupils;  between  40  and  50  pupils;  and  over  50  pupils. 


Less  than 

40 

40-50 

Over  50 

Grade 

P. 

N.  P. 

D.  O. 

P. 

N.  P. 

„D.  O. 

P. 

N.  P. 

D.  O. 

%  i 

% 

% 

% 

% 

'<_ 

% 

% 

% 

I 

-- 
i  .j 

9 

16 

77 

15 

8 

74 

14 

12 

II 

.-s 

5 

7 

90 

5 

5 

89 

5 

6 

III 

92 

5 

3 

84 

9 

7 

85 

6 

9 

IV 

89 

5 

6 

82 

9 

9 

80 

6 

14 

V 

84 

8 

8 

87 

7 

0 

VI 

88 

5 

7 

88 

4 

8 

89 

9 

2 

VII 

87 

3 

10 

91 

3 

6 

VIII 

89 

1 

10 

95 

5 

All  Grades 

87 

5 

8 

85 

8 

i 

80 

10 

10 

P. — Indicates  "promoted." 

N.  P. — Indicates  "not  promoted." 

D.  O. — Indicates  "dropped  out." 

According  to  the  above  table  promotions  are  highest  in  the  smaller 
sized  classes. 

In  the  classes  containing  less  than  40  pupils  the  rate  of  promotion 
is  87',  ;  in  classes  of  40-50  it  is  85%,  and  in  classes  of  over  50  pupils  the 
rate  drops  to  80' ,  . 

Non-prumotion  increases  from  ?'/<  in  the  small  sized  classes  to  10% 
in  classes  over  50. 

Dropping  out  of  pupils  increases  in  the  same  proportion,  5%,  8% 
and  10%  respectively  for  the  three  groups  of  classes. 


OVER-AGE  AND  PROGRESS 


35 


DROPPING  OUT 

Table  XII. — Shows  the  number  and  percentage  of  pupils  dropping 
out  in  the  lower  and  higher  grades. 


Grade 

Number 

Per  Cent. 

I-V 

712 

73 

VI-VII-VIII 

276 

27 

I-IV 

608 

61 

V-VIII 

380 

39 

The  figures  given  above  represent  the  number  of  pupils  who  dropped 
out  of  the  Dayton  schools  between  September,  1912,  and  June,  1913,  i.  e., 
during  the  school  year  of  1912-'13. 

Of  the  total  eliminated  JS^  dropped  out  below  the  sixth  grade. 
This  excessive  percentage  in  the  lower  grades,  as  explained  under  table 
6,  is  due  to  the  fact  that  many  of  the  younger  children  did  not  return  to 
school  after  the  flood  which  occurred  in  the  spring  of  1913.  One  school, 
all  the  pupils  of  which  lived  in  the  flooded  district,  shows  a  dropping  out 
of  20%  of  the  net  enrollment  of  the  school.  It  seems  apparent,  therefore, 
that  these  figures  do  not  portray  typical  conditions. 

However,  even  under  these  circumstances,  the  fact  that  39%  of  the 
pupils  eliminated,  dropped  out  in  the  four  upper  grades,  is  worth  noting 
and  investigating. 

Elimination  at  this  time  may  be  caused  by 

1.  The  necessity  of  these  children  to  earn  money  as  soon  as  the 
working  age  has  been  reached. 

2.  Slow  progress  through  grades. 

3.  Over-age. 

4.  Uninteresting  curriculum. 

5.  Dissatisfaction  generally  because  of  the  latter  three  conditions. 

The  increase,  by  a  recent  statute,  of  the  minimum  working  age  for 
boys  and  girls  will  diminish  dropping  out  much  before  the  completion 
of  the  elementary  school  course. 


36 


DAYTON  BUREAU  OF  MUNICIPAL  RESEARCH 


SIZE  OF  CLASSES 

Table  XIII. — Shows  the  number  and  percentage  of  classes  in  each 
grade  according  to  the  number  of  pupils  in  the  class. 


N 

umber  of  Classes 

Grade 

Under  40 

40-50 

Over 

50 

Total 

No. 

% 

No. 

% 

No. 

% 

No. 

% 

I 

15 

30 

17 

35 

17 

35 

49 

100 

II 

25 

54 

12 

26 

9 

20 

46 

III 

25 

51 

19 

39 

5 

10 

49 

IV 

22 

48 

21 

48 

2 

4 

42 

V 

30 

71 

13 

29 

41 

VI 

25 

71 

9 

26 

2 

3 

34 

VII 

25 

56 

10 

44 

43 

VIII 

22 

79 

5 

21 

24 

Total 

18!) 

57 

106 

32 

35 

11 

330 

100 

There  were  330  classes  in  the  elementary  schools  last  year.  Of  this 
number  189  or  57'7,  contained  under  40  pupils ;  106  or  32'/[  had  from  40 
to  50  pupils  and  11  %   of  the  classes  had  over  50  pupils. 

Grade  I  has  the  lowest  percentage  (30r/  )  of  small  grades,  and  the 
highest  rate  (35'/,  )  of  "Over  50"  classes.  Grade  VIII.  has  the  highest 
percentage  (79'/  )  of  small  classes.  There  are  only  two  classes  contain- 
ing over  50  pupils  above  Grade  IV.    These  two  are  in  Grade  VI. 


OVER-AGE  AND  PROGRESS 


37 


Per  c  e  *v  to.  g  €      o^  S^all  9r\ed<.otr*  ar»a  La^^c 


Classes    in   Ecv<K  Gr<xdLe. 


17UI 


"V3T 


-VJl 


mki 


"V 


ZBT 


HI 


Hi 


nr 


Sma.ll  (u»\<(ev  fco) 

i-a-rgc  (ov«v£o^ 


38 


DAYTON  BUREAU  OF  MUNICIPAL  RESEARCH 


AGE  AT  GRADUATION 
Table  XIV. — Shows  the  age  of  the  pupils  graduated. 


All  Schools 

Patterson  School 

Percentage 

Percentage 

Age 

Number 

of  Total 
Graduating 

Number 

of  Total 
Graduating 

wlA 

8 

1 

13 

17 

2 

13^4 

85 

12 

4 

8 

14 

170 

23 

15 

32 

14J4 

145 

18 

13 

27 

15 

119 

17 

7 

15 

15^ 

77 

11 

4 

8 

16 

45 

6 

3 

6 

16J4 

19 

3 

2 

4 

17 

6 

1 

17^ 

3 

1 

18 

2 

1 

Normal  or  less 

425 

61 

32 

67 

Older  than 

Normal 

271 

39 

16 

33 

Taking  the  normal  age  of  completing  Grade  VIII.  as  14  to  15  years,  it  is 
found  that  in  all  schools  but  the  Patterson,  61%  of  the  children  grad- 
uating are  of  the  normal  age  or  less  than  the  normal  age. 

In  the  Patterson  school  where  promotions  occur  semi-annually  the 
percentage  of  such  children  graduating  is  67%,  a  difference  of  6%  in 
favor  of  this  school. 


23%  of  the  graduates  of  all  schools  are  14  years  of  age;  in  the  Pat- 
terson school  32%  of  those  graduating  were  14  years  old  at  the  time. 


OVER-AGE  AND  PROGRESS 


39 


AGE  VARIATION 

Table  XV. — Shows  the  variation  in  age  among  pupils  in  the  same 
grade. 


Grade 

Age  Extremes 

Years  Variation 

I 

5—14 

9 

II 

6—14 

8 

III 

7—15 

8 

IV 

8—16 

8 

V 

8—16 

8 

VI 

9—17 

8 

VII 

10—16 

6 

VIII 

11—17 

6 

The  ages  of  children  in  the  same  grade  vary  six  years  in  Grades 
VII.  and  VIII.;  nine  years  in  Grade  I.,  and  eight  years  in  the  remainder 
of  the  grades. 

In  order  to  secure  effective  work,  among  other  elements,  the  ages  of 
children  should  be  considered.  No  classification  taking  this  into  account 
is  made  in  the  Dayton  schools,  even  where  there  are  two  or  more  classes 
to  a  grade  in  a  school. 


40  DAYTON  BUREAU  OF  MUNICIPAL  RESEARCH 


APPENDIX 


Tables  showing  by  schools  all  data  contained 
in  the  body  of  the  report. 


Note :  The  schools  marked  *  in  these  tables 
are  the  seven  schools  in  Dayton  which  are  lo- 
cated in  so-called  "foreign"  neighborhoods. 
The  percentage  of  foreign  children  unable  to 
speak  English,  or  from  homes  where  English 
is  not  spoken,  is  approximately  15%. 


OVER-AGE  AND  PROGRESS 


41 


AGE  TABLE 

Table  I. — Shows  by  schools  the  number  and  percentage  of  pupils 
according  to  the  age  groups. 


School 

Under 
Normal  Age 

Normal  Age 

Over 
Normal  Age 

Total 

No. 

% 

No. 

% 

No. 

% 

No. 

% 

Central  . 

53 

105 

56 

30 

30 

93 

69 

24 

134 

52 

67 

79 

1  32 

9 

43 

80 

59 

98 

227 

109 

56 

3 1 

11 

22 
12 
13 

10 

15 

15 

11 

20 

8 

13 

11 

13 

4 

8 

14 

12 

11 

31 

18 

9 

7 

249 
209 
228 
103 

172 
288 
217 
80 
372 
344 
326 
308 
401 
103 
219 
227 
187 
322 
294 
272 
242 
256 

47 
33 
48 
45 
58 
44 
48 

3  r 

55 
52 
64 
41 
41 
51 
36 
39 
38 
38 
40 
44 
41 
42 

227 
154 
190 
96 
95 
267 
165 
115 
173 
269 
119 
362 
453 
94 
336 
276 
243 
431 
215 
23  7 
293 
310 

42 
45 
40 

42 
32 

41 
37 
52 
25 
40 
23 
43 
46 
45 
56 

4; 

50 
51 
29 
38 
50 
51 

534 

468 
474 
229 
297 
648 
451 
219 
679 
665 
512 
749 
986 
211 
598 
583 
439 
851 
736 
618 
591 
603 

100 

Franklin    

Garfield    

Harrison    

Hawthorne 
Huffman    

Irving  

Jackson    

Longfellow 

McKinley    

Van    Cleve 

\\  ashington    .... 
Weaver    

" 

Whittier  

Willard  

Allen*  

Edison*   

Emerson*    

Patterson* 
Ruskin*   

Schiller*    

Webster* 

Total 

1647 

13 

5424 

45 

5120 

42 

12191 

100 

Pevce  y\  t<xge   o£  LKder  ^  Worm  a. I  a^d.  Over  A<)< 

Accotii  r\g  To  ocKools 


Vcvr^Cleve  M 


KTK^ley 


formal    A  <j 

0v«>  Aae 


OVER-AGE  AND  PROGRESS 


43 


PROGRESS  TABLE 

Table  II. — Shows  by  schools  the  number  and  percentage  of  pupils 
according  to  the  time  spent  in  the  grade. 


Schools 


Central    

Franklin    .... 

Garfield    

Harrison    .... 
Hawthorne 
Huffman    .... 

Irving  

Jackson    

Longfellow 
McKinley    .. 
Van    Cleve  .. 
Washington 

Weaver    

Vvhittier    .... 

Willard    

Allen*  

Edison*   

Emerson*    . 
Patterson*  . 

Ruskin*    

Schiller*  

Webster*  ... 

Total 


Time  in  Gradi 

;  June  20 

,  1913 

y2  yr.  or  less 

1  yr.  or  less. 

Over 

lyr. 

To 

al 

. 

but  over  y2  yr. 

No. 

C7 
/O 

No. 

% 

No. 

% 

No. 

% 

33 

6 

472 

89 

29 

5 

534 

100 

3 

1 

406 

86 

59 

13 

468 

a 

1 

1 

440 

92 

33 

7 

474 

n 

2 

1 

213 

93 

14 

6 

229 

a 

293 

99 

4 

1 

297 

a 

15 

2 

609 

94 

24 

4 

648 

a 

20 

4 

412 

92 

19 

4 

451 

a 

19 

9 

194 

88 

6 

3 

219 

a 

656 

97 

23 

3 

679 

(t 

36 

5 

607 

92 

22 

.  > 

665 

n 

5 

1 

495 

97 

12 

2 

512 

a 

25 

3 

623 

S4 

101 

13 

749 

a 

2 

1 

87  8 

89 

106 

10 

986 

u 

185 

88 

26 

12 

211 

a 

540 

90 

58 

10 

598 

tt 

18 

3 

526 

90 

39 

7 

583 

" 

9 

2 

439 

90 

41 

8 

489 

" 

11 

1 

775 

91 

65 

8 

851 

*  * 

17 

0 

688 

94 

31 

4 

736 

18 

3 

559 

90 

41 

7 

618 

11 

2 

531 

90 

40 

8 

591 

tt 

13 

2 

530 

88 

60 

10 

603 

a 

258 

2 

11071 

91 

862 

7 

12191 

100 

44 


DAYTON  BUREAU  OK  MUNICIPAL  RESEARCH 


PROMOTION  TABLE 

Table  III. — Shows  by  schools  the  number  and  percentage  of  pupils 
promoted,  not  promoted  and  dropped  out. 


Schools 


Central  

Franklin  

Garfield    

Harrison    

Hawthorne   . 

Huffman    

Irving  

Jackson    

Longfellow  . 
McKinley  ... 
Van  Cleve  ... 
Washington 

Weaver    

Whittier  

Willard 

Allen*  

Edison*    

Emerson*    .. 
Patterson*  .. 

Ruskin*    

Schiller*  

Webster*  .... 


Promoted 


Total. 


No. 

381 
439 

419 
218 

593 

408 
179 
6 !  9 
563 
480 
6 1  6 
801 
L96 
488 
: 

405 
704 
659 
524 
1  15 
404 


% 


71 

!>4 
89 
95 

92 

82 
91 
85 
93 
. 
81 
93 

87 
83 

85 
67 
85 


Noi 

Promoted 


No. 

19 
19 
34 
9 
22 
22 

4 
35 
48 
13 
52 
90 

9 
50 
39 

35 

4:; 
76 
91 

852 


% 


4 
4 


i 

9 
4 

8 

: 

8 
10 

."> 

i 

13 

15 


Dropped 
Out 


N  >. 


L34 

10 

21 
2 

24 

24 
i 
25 
54 
19 
- 

95 
6 
60 
35 
46 
62 
42 
51 
20 
108 

988 


25 

2 

4 

1 

8 

5 

5 

16 

4 

8 

4 

11 

10 


Total 


No. 


534 
468 
4?:; 
229 
297 
648 
451 
219 
679 
665 
512 
749 
936 


3 

211 

10 

598 

6 

583 

9 

489 

7 

851 

6 

736 

8 

618 

3 

591 

18 

603 

8 

12191 

% 


100 


100 


IRO  MOTION  l\ 


ATE 


WiUaurd 

Weaver 

W«Jbst«r 


ACCORDING      TO      OCHOOLfi 

607.  7,o7.  307.  907.  W7. 


<*>•/.   7«X  soy.  90%  'oo*/t 


46 


DAYTON  BUREAU  OF  MUNICIPAL  RESEARCH 


NATURE  OF  FAILURES 

Table  IV. — Shows  by  schools  the  number  and  percentage  of  pupils 
according  to  the  class  of  subject  in  which  they  failed. 


Fa 

lures 

Schools 

Language 

Mathematics 

Informational 

Total 

No. 

% 

No.           % 

No. 

% 

No. 

% 

Central  

13 
15 
23 

6 
13 

14 

16 

2 

30 
34 

7 
29 
67 

7 
30 
23 
22 
49 
28 
29 
34 
56 

45 
52 
50 
60 
50 
50 
52 
40 
64 
51 
4L 
51 
51 
64 
48 
59 
53 
42 
64 
53 
35 
42 

12             41 

4 
4 

7 
1 
1 
2 
6 

4 

8 
2 
1 
18 
1 
2 

6 

12 
4 
11 
13 
19 

14 
14 
15 

10 
4 
7 

19 

8 
12 
12 

2 
14 

9 

3 

15 
10 
9 
20 
13 
15 

29 
29 
46 
10 
26 
28 
31 
5 
47 
67 
17 
57 
131 
11 

6:; 

39 
41 

118 
44 
55 
97 

132 

100 

Franklin  

10 
16 

0 

12 

12 

9 

3 
13 
25 

8 
27 
46 

•t 

.» 

31 
16 
13 
57 
12 
15 
50 
57 

34 
35 
30 

46 
43 

*v  y 
60 
28 
37 
47 
47 
35 
27 
49 
41 

48 
27 
27 
52 
43 

it 

Garfield    

Harrison      

a 

a 

Hawthorne 
Huffman    

a 

Irvins  .        

u  . 

Jackson    

a 

Longfellow 

McKinley    

Van   Cleve 

Washington    .... 
Weaver    

a 
a 
a 
a 
a 

YVhittier  

« 

VVillard 

it 

Allen*  

Kdison*   

a 
a 

Kinerson*    

Patterson*  

Raskin*    

a 
a 
a 

Schiller*    

ti 

Webster*  .*.... 

it 

Total 

547 

49 

450 

40 

126 

11 

1123 

100 

Publications  of  the  Bureau  of 
Municipal  Research : 

Organization  of  the  Bureau  of  Municipal  Research.    (Folder.) 

Shall  we  change  our  Form  of  Government?     (16  p.p.) 

Appropriation  Ordinance, — first  half  of  year  1913.     (30  p.p. 

A  Plan  to  Place  the  Water  Works  upon  a  Self-Sustaining 
Basis.     (28  p.p.) 

Government  by  Deficit.     (3  folders.) 

Organization    and    Administration    of    the    Department    of 
Health.     (97  p.p.) 

Health  Bulletins.     (8  folders.) 

Appropriation  Ordinance, — 2d  half  of  year  1913.     (30  p.p.) 

Reprint  of  the  Dayton  Charter.    (64  p.p.) 

Motor  Fire  Apparatus  Bids.     (Foider.) 

A  Complaint-Suggestion  Bureau.     (Folder.) 

The  City  Budget— 1914.     (42  p.p.) 

The  City  Manager  Plan  of  Government  for  Dayton.     (8  p.p.) 

A  Charter  Primer.     (24  p.p.) 

Some  Acid  Tests  of  City-Manager  Government     (Folder.) 

Survey  of  Over-age  and  Progress    in    the    Dayton    Schools 
(46  p.p.) 

Medical  Inspection  in  Dayton  Schools.    (In  press.) 


AA    000  714  947 


i;i;:;;;i;, 


